Moment frames resist gravity and lateral load in bending and compression. They are derived from post-and beam portals with moment resisting beam to column connections (for convenience refered to as moment frames and moment joints). The effect of moment joints is that load applied to the beam will rotate its ends and in turn rotate the attached columns. Equally, load applied to columns will rotate their ends and in turn rotate the beam. This mutual interaction makes moment frames effective to resist lateral load with ductility. Ductility is the capacity to deform without breaking, a good property to resist earthquakes, resulting in smaller seismic forces than in shear walls and braced frames. However, in areas with prevailing wind load, the greater stiffness of shear walls and braced frames is an advantage, The effect of moment joints to resist loads is visualized through amplified deformation as follows:
1 Portal with pin joints collapses under lateral load
2 Portal with moment joints at base under lateral load
3 Portal with moment beam/column joints under gravity load
4 Portal with moment beam/column joints under lateral load
5 Portal with all moment joints under gravity load
6 Portal with all moment joints under lateral load
7 High-rise moment frame under gravity load
8 Moment frame building under lateral load
I Inflection points (zero bending between negative and positive bending
Note: deformations reverse under reversed load
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