The sounding methods consist of measuring the resistance of the soil with depth by means of penetrometer under static or dynamic loading. The penetrorneter may consist of a sampling spoon, a cone or other shaped tool. The resistance to penetration is empirically correlated with some of the engineering properties of soil, such as density index, consistency, bearing capacity etc. The value of these tests lie in the amount of experience behind them. These tests are useful for general exploration of erratic soil profiles, for finding depth to bed rock or stratum, and to have an approximate induction of the strength and other properties of solis, particularly for cohesionless soils, from which it is difficult to obtain undisturbed samples. The two commonly used tests are standard penetration test and the cone penetration test.
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