The net ultimate bearing capacity that can be sustained by the soil at the base of a mat on a deep deposit of clay or plastic silt may be obtained in the same manner as for footings on clay discussed later. However, by using the principle of flotation, the pressure on the base of the mat that induces settlement can be reduced by increasing the depth of the foundation. A brief discussion on the principle of flotation is dealt with in this part.
Rigid and Elastic Foundation
The conventional method of design of combined footings and mat foundations is to assume the foundation as infinitely rigid and the contact pressure is assumed to have a planar distribution. In the case of an elastic foundation, the soil is assumed to be a truly elastic solid obeying Hooke's law in all directions. The design of an elastic foundation requires a knowledge of the subgrade reaction which is briefly discussed here. However, the elastic method does not readily lend itself to engineering applications because it is extremely difficult and solutions are available for only a few extremely simple cases.
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